Edwin eugene dabb



E. E. DARR.

LINE INDICATOR AND SIGNAL FOR TYPE WRITING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED AUGIZ. 1915.

Patented May 20, 1919.

3111x 11 fo'c 3- Eugene .Z7a/rr' 7? 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1- 'q vi-lf-neooca 6Home,

WW w,

'E. E. DARR.

LINE INDICATOR AND SIGNAL FOR TYPE WRITING MACHINES. APPLICATION FILEDAUG.I2, I915. 1,804,458. Patented May 20, 1919.

gz 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2. H36

( ,25 .25 7 Ely 3. an 29- ///5? a a i ln-a l I I I I I I I 1/.

Wu (nesee mu humw w NN 'P EDWIN EUGENE. DARR, OF WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OFCOLUMBIA.

LINE-INDICATOR A ND SIGNAL FOR TYPE-WRITING TIAGHINES.

Specif cation of Letters Patent. Patented May 20, 1919.

Application filed August 12, 1915. Serial No. 45,289.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWIN EUGENE DARK, acitizen of the United States, residing at Washington, District of-Columbia, have invented a new and useful Line-Indicator and. Signal forType-Writing Machines, of which the followin is a specification.

In the now standard type of front-strike typewriters it is impossiblefor the operator as he approaches the bottom of the sheet of paper, toknown how much writing space remains. This is not only an inconveniencein various respects, but frequently results in the writing space beingoverrun so that the appearance of the page is spoiled. The presentinvention relates to means for indicating to the operator, at all times,the number of unwritten line spaces yet remaining on the sheet, and forgiving the operator an audible signal when the last line space of thesheet is reached. I

The general object of my invention is the provision of improvedmechanism adapted to perform the above-mentioned functions.

Speaking more particularly, one of the ob-' jects' of the invention isthe provision of mechanism of the character in question which is adaptedto be readily applied, as an attachment, to the standard typewritingmachines.

Another object of the invention is the provision of such a mechanismwhich is adapted to be applied to standard typewriting machines by beingsubstituted for some part or parts of such machines.

Another object of the invention is the provision of improved means forbearing and displaying the line-indicating characters.

Another object of the invention is the provisiom of line-indicatingdevices adapted to indicate the number of unwritten lines, either forsingle, or double, or triple, 1ine spacing.

Another object of the invention is the provision of devices adapted toautomatically indicate to the operator either the number of singlespaced unwritten lines alone, or the number of double spaced unwrittenlines alone, or the number of triple spaced unwritten lines alone, sothat the operator is not confused by a multiplicity of indications, and,at the will of the operator, to indicate, at any instant, the number ofwhen matter is being written that is known to cover onl a small portionof the sheet.

Another 0 ject of the invention is the provision of line indicatingmeans which is adapted to be temporarily operatively disconnected fromthe typewriting mechanism and locked in position while a partiallywritten sheet is temporarily withdrawn from the machine or shifted,without interfering with the accuracy of the indicator.

Another object of the invention is the provision of improved means foractuating an audible signal device to indicate the approach of the lastline space.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an indicating andsignal mechanism such as has been referred to which is comparativelysimple, compact, and of light weight. A

The foregoing objects are attained in the mechanism hereinafterdescribed in connection with the accompanying drawings, which illustratea preferred form of the in vention. I

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view of a portion of the paper carriageand main frame of a typewriter with my improved indicator and signalattached;

Fig. 2 is a left side elevation of the indicator and signal and some ofthe typewriter parts shown in Fig. 1;

dis a vertical section, on an enlarged scale, on the line 33 in Fig. 1,the indicator being shown disconnected from the platen roll of thetypewriter and locked against movement;

Fig. 4 is a vertical section taken on the broken line 44 in Fig. 7, thesignal bell being partially broken away to disclose details of theconstruction;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section taken on the line 55 of Fig. 7;

r c, the hearing at Fig. 6 is a detail view of one of the parts;

Fig. 7 is a section taken on the broken line 7-7 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary plan view showin some of the signal parts;

Fig. 9 is a left side elevation of one of the winding drums of theindicating mechanism;

Fig. 10 is a side view of the clutch device by means'of which theindicating mechanism is disengageably connected with the platen roll ofthe typewriter;

Fig. 11 is a detail plan view of one of the parts of the mechanism; and

Fig. 12 is a view of the unrolled tape which bears the line indicatingnumerals.

Referring in detail to the construction illustrated, a designates thetop plate of the main frame of a No. 10 Remington typewriter, upon whichplate is mounted the paper carriage having a frame I; and a platen roll0. At the right end of the paper carriage are the line spacing devicescomprising the ratchet wheel d which is disengageably connected to theplaten roll by friction clutch e, the actuating pawl f which engages theratchet wheel, the thumb lever g and the driving connections between thesaid lever and the actuating pawl which are designated in their entiretyby the letter 11. k is the detent arm which engages the ratchet wheel dto hold it in adjusted position. The knurled wheel 29 on shaft m servesto turn the platen roll and, by axial movement, to disengage andreengage the clutch e.

The frame of the paper carriage has the usual supporting bearings forthe platen roll the left end of the roll being shown at a. At the rightend of the roll the bearing structure, together With other parts of thecarriage frame, is omitted, but it will be understood that the shaft mof the roll is supported in the usual hearing.

The shaft which is used in the standard typewriter construction tosupport the left end of the platenroll is replaced by a shaft 1 whichconstitutes a part of my improved line indicator and signal. This shaftis designed to perform the ordinary functions of the shaft which itreplaces and, in addition, constitutes an important part of theindicator and signal mechanism. As is clearly indicated in' Fig. 1, theshaft 1 fits Within the bearing a, and is rigidly secured to the platenroll 0 by the screw 0''. 2 is a winding drum mounted on the shaft 1 soas to turn freely thereon. The right side of the drum 2 is coned out toreceive a conical clutch 3.

The clutch has a hub part 3 which is slidably mounted on the shaft 1,but is held against rotation in relation to the shaft by a key 4, sothat when the clutch operatively engages the drum 2 the latter is causedto turn with the shaft 1. The body of the clutch 3 is divided into aplurality of sector-shaped parts 3*,3. The clutch is made of resilientmaterial and the peripheral conical faces of the sector parts are shapedso that normally they come into engagement with the conical wall of thedrum 2 at the right side of the clutch before the other parts of theirsurfaces come into such engagement, the full engagement being securedby'forcing the clutch 3 to the left until the sector parts are sprungsufficiently to effect such engagement. Any suitable type of clutch maybe employed, but I prefer one such as illustrated as it is adapted tohold very securely without danger of slippage.

The drum 2 and clutch 3, as well as other parts which will presently bedescribed, are inclosed in a casing which is designated in its entiretyby This casing, in the construction shown, comprises a main cup-likepart 6, which is preferably pressed from sheet metal and a closure plate7 The body of the casing 6 is supported on the hub of the drum 2 whilethe closure plate 7 is supported on the hub 3 of the clutch 3, and thecasing as an entirety is held against rotation around the axis of theshaft 1 by a forked bracket 8 which is rigid with the casing andprojects laterally therefrom with its arms slidably embracing a verticalextension I) of the carriage frame I), the arrangement being such thatthe easing 5 is free to rise and all with the platen roll when thelatter is actuated by the shift key of the machine, but is held againstrotationaround the axis of the platen roll.

In the rear part of the casing 5 is arranged a hollow drum 9 which isrotatably mounted upon a shaft 10. This shaft is supported in the casing5 in the manner shown in Fig. 7, being threaded at one end to receive anut 11 which secures the shaft fixedly in position. lVithin the drum 9is a coiled spring 12 which is secured at one end to the fixed shaft 10and at its other end to the winding drum, the arrangement being suchthat the spring 12 tends to yieldingly hold the winding drum in acertain angular position on the shaft and to return it to such positionwhen the drum has been turned.

13 is an indicating tape which is mounted upon the drum 9, preferablyhaving its inner end secured to the drum. The outer end of the tape 13is extended forward from the under side of the drum 9 and secured to thewinding drum 2, the arrangement being such that when the shaft 1 turnswith the platen roll in a direction to feed the paper forward, the tape13 is drawn from the drum 9 and wound upon the drum 2, the spring 12permitting such action, but tending, as above stated, to return theparts to their initial positions.

The tape 13 may be of any suitable material, but I have found that linentape of good quality is satisfactory. As shown in the drawings, the'tapebears three longitudinally extending series or rows of numerals whichare designed to indicate the lines on the sheet which is beingtypewritten. On referrin to Fig. 12 it will be observed that the leftIland series of numerals begins with the numeral 72 and ends with 1,while the middle series begins with the numeral 36 and ends with 1, andthe right hand series begins with 24 and ends with 1. These three seriescorrespond to single, double and triple line spacing, respectively, on alegal size sheet, as will appear from the spacing of the indicatingnumerals of each series in relation to each other and in. relation tothe numerals of the adjacent series.

For the purpose of eflectivcly displaying the indicating numerals to themachine operator the front wallof the casing 5 is formed with arectangular, transversely elongated aperture l t and in connection withsaid aperture is a slide 15 having an aperture or window 16 of lesswidth than the aperture 14. The slide 15 extends through the side wallsof the casing 5 and can be moved into anyone of three positions,bringing its window 16 opposite either of the three series of indicatingnumerals on the tape 13. To secure the slide 15 against accidentaldisplacement it is formed with a series of notches 15 15 and a springpressed plunger .17 mounted in the closure plate 7 is arranged to engagethese notches so as to yieldingly hold the slide 15 (see Fig. 7).

The clutch 3 is actuated and controlled by the following devices. 18 isa coiled spring interposed between the body of the clutch and theclosure plate 7 of the casing structure and serving -to press the clutchinto operative engagement with the winding drum 2. The right end of thehub 3 of the clutch extends outside the casing and is engaged by anactuating lever 19 which has a pivotal support 20 at its lower end. Thelever 19 in the construction shown is formed with an opening 19 largeenough to receive the hub 3 and with inturned lugs 19", 19 which engagea circular groove 3 in the hub of the clutch. It will be seen that whenthe lever 19 is thrown to the right the clutch 3 is moved in the samedirection on the shaft 1 against the tension of the spring 18 so as todisengage the clutch from the drum 2.

As a convenient means for actuating the clutch lever 19 I provide a camplate 21 which is rotatably mounted upon a block 22 secured on the topof the casing 5, the cam plate being held against displacement by ascrew 23 which is threaded into the block 22. The cam plate 21 isprovided with cam surfaces 21 and 21 which are adapted to engage theupper end of the lever 19. In Fig. 1 the cam plate is shown in itsinoperative position, the clutch 3 being then held in engagement withthe drum 2 by the spring 18. By turning the cam plate 21 ninety degreesin a clockwise direction the cam surface 21 is brought into engagementwith the upper end of the lever 19so as to force it to the right andcause disengagement of the clutch 3; and, similarly, by turning the camplate ninety degrees in the opposite direction the cam surface 21 isbrought into engagement with the lever 19 so as to effect thedisengagement of the clutch. In order to hold the clutch securely indisengaged position the cam plate is formed with circular surfaces 21and 21 adjacent the cams 21 and 21", respectively, and to preventoverthrow of the cam plate it is formed with stop shoulders 21 and 21which are adapted to engage the lever 19 and limit the throw of the camplate. To provide a convenient means for actuating the cam plate I formit with an upstanding flange 21 which can conveniently be graspedbetween the thumb and finger by the machine operator. This flange 21*,being located at one side of the cam plate, serves also as a practicalindicator, as will be explained hereafter.

For certain purposes it is desirable to be able to lock the indicatingtape in any desired position, and to this end I provide the followingdevices. On the left end of the hub of the drum 2, and outside thecasing 5, I mount a toothed wheel 24, said wheel being rigidly securedto the hub of the drum 2 by screws 25. 26 is a locking plunger mountedin a frame or casing 27 which is ar ranged above the toothed wheel 24and secured to the adjacent wall of the casing 5. The plunger isnormally held in an upper, inoperative position by a coil spring 28 andis arranged so that its upper end is engaged by a depressed section 21of plate 21, the said depressed section constituting a cam which isadapted, when the plate 21 is turned into the position shown in Fig. 3,to press the locking plunger 26 downward into locking engagement withthe wheel 24, thus securing the drum 2 against rotation. When thepartsare in the positions shown in Fig. 1 the drum 2 is free to turn inrelation to the casing 5 and is secured to the shaft 1 by the clutch 3as previously described. To look the drum against rotation the cam plate21 is turned ninety degrees in a counterclockwise direction from theposition shown in Fig. 1, and this movement of the cam platesimultaneously effects the disengagement of the clutch 3 from the drum 2in the manner previously described. Hence, by the simple quarter turn ofthe cam plate 21, the indicating tape is disconnected from the platenroll and positively locked against movement; and when the cam plate 21is returned to the position shown in Fig. 1 the clutch 3 is again throwninto operative engagement with the drum 2 by the spring 18 and theplunger 26 is disengaged from the toothed wheel 24: by the spring 28.

To relieve the machine operator of the necessity of watching theindicator, in order to note when the last line space of the sheet isreached, I provide an audible signal mechanism which preferably operateswhen the platen roll is moved forward to the last line space. 29 is abell which is mounted on an extension of the shaft 10, the bell beingclamped between the screw head 10 and one end of a sleeve 30, the otherend of which abuts against the casing'5. In the upper part. of thecasing 5, at a point-adjacent the bell 29 is mounted a transverselyarranged spindle 31, this spindle having one end eX- tending through abearing aperture in the wall 6 of the casing and extended downward toform a swinging arm 32 which carries at its free end a hammer 33 adaptedto strike the bell 29. The spindle 31 is formed with a crank 31 which isengaged by a flat spring 34. secured, as by arivet 35, to the casing Thespindle crank 31' normally extends approximately horizontally rearwardand the spring 34: underlies the crank, so that any moven'ient of thehammer 33 away from the bell is resisted by said spring (see Figs. l and8).

For the actuation of the bell striker 1 pro vide a slide 3'6. which ismounted in a guide secured to the wall (3 of the casing 5. The slide :36and its guide 38 are arranged so that the former can have a limitedlongitudinal movement along lines radial to the axis of the drum :2.Atits inner end the slide, 36 has a lug 36 which extends laterallythrough a slot in the wall 6 of the casing 5 and engages a spiral. camgroove 37 formed in the adjacent face of the drum 2. hen the drum 2 isturned the groove 37, by reason of its engagement with the lug 3.6",causes the slide 36 to move radially, and the rotational movement of thedrum is limited by the engagement of the lug 36 with the ends of thegroove 37. When the lug is in engagement with the outer end of thegroove 37 numeral 72 on the indicating tape is opposite the window 16and the paper (assuming that legal size is being used) is in positionfor the writing of the first line. As the paper is advanced from-line toline the drum 2 is turned and the spiral groove etiects the inwardradial movement of the slide 36, the lug 36 of the slide approaching theinner end of the roove 37 as the last line SJace of the page approached.

It will be seen that by reason of this ongagement the slide 36 is givena radial movement by the rotation of the drum 2, and the spiral grooveis so arranged that the slide is moved radially inward when the drum andplaten roll are turned in the direction to feed the sheet of paperforward in the n'iac-hine,

and radially outward when the drum is turned in the opposite direction.

The slide 36 has, at the endopposite the lug 36, a dog 36 which extendslaterally through a slot in the guide 38. This dog 36" is designed toengage a tooth 32 on the bell hammer arm 32. The tooth 32 has itsforward side. beveled. as is clearly shown in Fig. 7, so that when thedog 36, in its rearward movement, engages the tooth 32, the latter andthe arm are forced laterally until the dog 36 passes the tooth 32,where'- upon the arm 3:2 springs back to its normal position, bringingthe tooth 32 into position in front of the dog. This last describedoperation is facilitated by the engagement of the hammer 33 with thebell, the latter thus serving as a sort of abutment. When, later, theslide 36 is moved in the opposite direction by rotation of the drum 2,the dog .36", by reason of its engagement with the tooth 32 on thehammer arm 32, causes the latter to swing forward against the tension ofthe spring 34. In this movement of the parts the pathsof the dog 36 andthe tooth 32" diverge (see Fig. 4), and the construction and relativearrangement of the parts is such that the tooth is released from the dogjust as the lug 3(3 approaches the inner end of the spiral groove 37.Preferably, the groove 37 is formed with a rather sharp bend 37 at ornear its inner end so that the slide 36 will be given a considerablemovement by the camming action of the groove during the last part of theangular movement of the drum 2, it being understood that it is thisfinal angular movement of the drum which brings the paper forward to thelast line space of the page.

The bell hammer, when released as just described, is projected againstthe bell 29 by the action of the spring 34, thus giving an audiblesignal to indicate that the last line space has been reached.

On the left hand end of the shaft 1 I mount a knurled wheel 1 by meansof which the shaft 1 and the platen roll can be turned; and between theknurled wheel 1 and the hub of the drum 2 I mount a hand wheel 39, whichis free to turn on the shaft 1, but is connected by means of clutchteeth .39 with the adjacent end of the hub of the drum 2. Thus mounted,the wheel 39 serves as means for turning the-drum 2 independently of theplaten roll whenever it may be desirable to The operation of theindicator and signal will now be readily understood. The rocedure of theoperator may be as ollows: First, the slide 15 is set to show one or theother of the series of indicating numerals, according as single, doubleor triple line spacing is to be employed. Then, assuming that the camplate 21 is in the normal position indicated in Fig. 1, the indicatingtape This numeral will depend upon the length of the sheet, the linespacing and the margins that are to be left atthe top and bottom of thesheet. As soon as the proper numeral has been brought into register withthe window of the slide 15, the cam plate 21 is moved in thecounter-clockwise direction so as to lock the drum 2 against movementand simultaneously release it from the shaft 1. The platen roll havingthus been freed for rotation independently of the drum 2 and theindicating tape, the operator inserts the sheet of paper, bringing itinto position so as to give the desired top margin. The cam plate 21 isnow returned to its former position, as indicated in Fig. 1, thusunlocking the drum 2 from its casin and connecting it through clutch 3with the shaft of the platen roll. I

The operator now proceeds with his work in the usual manner. With eachactuation of the platen roll to effect the line spacing the drum 2 isturned and the indicating tape advanced one step, so that an indicationof p the number of line spaces remaining on the sheet is always given.As the roll 2 is illtermittently turned the bellhammer 33 is graduallyretracted by means of the slide 36 in the manner previously described,and when the paper is fed forward to bring the last line space intoprinting position the bell hammer is released from the slide 36 so as toring the bell 29. .The attentionof the operator is thus arrested andthere is no danger of the bottom margin being encroached upon.

When the last line has been written the operator turns the cam plate 21from the position shown in Fig. 1 in a clockwise direction so as todisengage the clutch 3, thus releasing the drum 2 from the shaft 1 ofthe platen and permitting the tape to be wound ofi the drum 2 u on thedrum 9, which is turned by the tenslon of the spring 12. When the tapeis thus retracted by the action of the spring 12 the return movement ofthe parts'is limited by the engagement of the lug 36' of the slide 36with the outer end of the s iral groove 37 in the drum 2. The sheetaving been numbered, if desired, it is removed in the usual manner.

When the clutch 3 is released as last described and the drum 2 turned bythe rewinding ofthe tape upon the drum 9, the

slide 36, by reason of its engagement with the spiral groove 37 of thedrum 42, is forced rearward into engagement with and past the arm of thebell hammer in the manner which has previously been described.

Instead of setting the indicator before the insertion of the sheet ofpaper, as above described, the paper may first be inserted and then, thecam plate 21 having been turned from the position shown in Fig. 1 in aclockwise direction to disengage the clutch 3,

the operator can, by grasp ng the hand wheel 39, turn the drum 2 (theplaten meanwhile remaining stationary) until the proper numeral appearsat the window of the slide 15, whereupon the cam plate 21 is thrown backto its initial position so as to clutch the drum 2 to the shaft 1 of theplaten.

The operator then proceeds with the writing as before.

The use of my improved indicating and signaling device is facilitated byreference to margin tables which may be arranged to indicate the numberof line spaces upon sheets of different lengths for various top andbottom margins. By glancingv at such a table the operator can quicklydetermine the number of line spaces meeting the requirements oftheparticular case. However, i

an. operator soon niemorizes the number of line spaces on pages of thestandard sizes, so that reference need be made to such tables butrarely. In introducing the paper little trouble is had in securing thedesired top margin if the operator bears in mind that on the standardmachines there are six single spaces to the inch.

I have stated above that any suitable form I of clutch may be employedto connect the drum 2 and the shaft 1; and the controlling conditions inthis connection may now be pointed out more fully. By reason of the factthat the ratchet wheel d is connected I to the platen roll 0 by means ofa friction clutch which permits movement of the platen roll in relationto the ratchet wheel when such movement is desired by the o erator, itis essential that the parts 0 the clutch connecting thedrum 2 and theshaft 1 shall be adapted to engage when they are in any angular relationto each other whatever, as otherwise the indicating numerals on the tapewould be thrown out of register with the window in the slide 15. At thesame time it is essential that there be no slippage of the. clutch partsas that would throw the indicatin numerals out of register with theslide win ow. To meet these conditions I preferably employ a clutch suchas shown the parts of which are adapted to engage in any angularrelation and hold with am le security to prevent slippage due to theinertia of the parts when the paper is spaced forward, the clutch beingthrown out of engagement by'the manual devices when it is desired toretract the indicating tape or, for any purpose, to cause relativerotation of the indicating drum 2 andthe platen roll. 7

What I claim is:

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll and bearing supports therefor, of a selfcontainedline-indicating mechanism comprising a shaft adapted to be connected tothe platen roll and to operatively engage one of the said bearingsupports, thereby operatively connecting the indicating mechanism to theplaten roll and affording a working support both for said mechanism/imaid drum.

and said roll.

In a typewriting machine, the combi: nation with apaper carriage havinga platen roll, of line indicating mechanism comprising a rotatable drum,a flexible tape bearing line-indicating characters secured to andadapted to be wound upon the drum, means for connecting the platen rollto advance the said line-indicating characters to a reading point, andmeans for retracting the tape.

3. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line indicating mechanism comprising arotatable drum, a flexible tape bearing line-indicating character'ssecured to and adapted to be wound upon the drum, means for connectingthe platen roll and the drum adapted to turn the drum with the platenroll to advance the said line-indicating characters to a reading point,and means comprising a spring actuated roller for retracting the tape.

4. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising arotatable drum mounted coaxially with the platen roll, a flexible tapebearing line-indicating characters secured to and adapted to be wound onthe drum, means for connecting the platen roll and the drum adapted toturn the drum with the platen roll to advance the line-indicatingcharacters to a reading point, and means comprising a spring actuatedroller for retracting the tape.

nation with a paper having a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanismcomprising a casing, a rotatable drum mounted in the casing coaxiallywith the platen roll, a flexible tape bearing line-indicating charactersI secured to and adapted to be wound'upon the drum, the said casinghaving an opening to which the indicating characters are advanced by therotation of the drum,-

means for connecting the platen roll and the drum to turn the latter,and a spring actuated roller to which one end of the tape is connectedand which is adapted to retract the tape after it has been wound uponthe said drum. v

6. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, a line-indicating mechanism comprising anelongated member bearing line-indicating characters secured to andadapted to be 5. In a typewriting machine, the combi-- drum, means forconnecting the platen roll and the drum to turn the latter, and a springactuated roller to which one end of the tape is connected and which isadapted to retract the tape after it has been wound uponthe 7. In anation with a paper carriage having a platen roll, a line-indicatingmechanism comprising an elongated member bearing line-indicatingcharacters, driving connections be tween the platen roll and saidelongated member adapted to move the latter and advance itsline-indicating characters to a reading point as the platen roll isturned to feed the paper forward, and means for retracting the elongatedmember to its initial position.

8. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising a membercarrying a plurality of series of line-indicating characters, saidseries corresponding respectively to different line spaces, and meansadjustable in relation to said series .of characters and adapted byvirtue of said adjustability to cooperate with any one of said series ofcharacters to .indicate the corresponding line spaces as the paper isfed forward on the 'platenroll.

9. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen typewriting machine, the combiroll, of line-indicatingmechanism comprising a casing, a movable member therein bearing aplurality of parallel series of lineindicating characters correspondingrespectively to different line spaces, and drivingconnections betweensaid member and the platen roll, the said casing having a movablesection formed with a' window which can be brought into alinement withoneoranother of the said series of characters by the movement of saidsection.

10. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising a movablemember bearing a plurality of parallel series of line-indicatingcharacters corresponding respectively to different line spaces, drivingconnections between the platen roll and said member, and a casing aroundsaid member having a window adapted to be moved from alinement with oneto another of the said series of charaoters.

11. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising a movablemember bearing line-indicating characters, frictional drivingconnections between the platen roll and the said movable member, andmeans for disengaging and engaging said frictional driving connectionsat will.

12. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising arotatable drum supporting line-indicating characters on its periphery,driving connections between the drum and the platen roll adapted to beoperatively engaged and disengaged in all relative angular positions ofthe drum and the platen roll, and means for engaging and disengagingsaid connections at will.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a paper carriagehavinga platen roll, a line-spacing ratchet wheel, and a friction clutchdisengageably connecting said wheel and platen roll, of line-indicatingmechanism comprising a rotatable drum supporting line-indicatingcharacters on its periphery, driving connections between the drum andthe platen roll adapted to be operatively engaged and disengaged in allrelative angular positions of the drum and the platen roll, and meansfor engaging and disengaging said connections at will.

14. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism comprising a movablemember bearing line-indicating characters, driving connections betweensaid movable member and the platen roll, means for disengaging saiddriving connections at will, and means for locking the movable memberagainst movement while the said driving connections are disengaged.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of line-indicating mechanism Comprising a movablemember bearing line-indicatmg characters, disengagea-ble drivingconnections between the movable member and the platen roll, means forlocking the movable member against movement when the said connectionsare disengaged,'and a manual actuating device adapted when moved to oneposition to disengage the said connections and when moved to anotherposition to disengage the said connections and apply the said lock.

16. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the paper carriagehaving a platen roll, of means for indicating the approach of the lastline space of the paper comprising a bell, a bell tapper, means forretracting the tapper, and a rotatable spiral cam for actuating theretracting means.

17. A self-contained line-indicating mechanism for typewriting machineswhich have a paper carriage with a platen roll and bearing supportstherefor, said mechanism comprising in combination a movable memberbearing line indicating characters and a shaft adapted to be connectedto the platen roll of the typewriting machine and to operatively engageone of the said bearing supports, thereby operatively connecting the in.dicating mechanism to the platen roll and affording a working supportboth for said mechanism and for said roll.

18. In a typewriting machine, the combination with the papercarriagehaving a platenroll, of mechanism for indicating the approach ofthe last line comprising a bell, a bell tapper and mechanism comprisinga r0- tary member which, in the normal operation of the mechanism, has aconstant operative connection with the platen roll to move therewith atthe same angular speed and actuates the bell tapper to strike the bellat the endof a rotational'movement of the p aten

